The Gutenberg Bible (Johannes Gutenberg, Mainz, c. 1455). The first substantial book printed from movable type in Europe, and it was the Vulgate. About 180 copies were made, 49 survive, and the technology that produced them is what made every argument of the next century unstoppable: within seventy years a printer in Wittenberg could put Luther's German New Testament into thousands of hands faster than any authority could collect them.